The EU roundtable organised in February 2020 by the BioMed Alliance and EORTC brought together a large number of stakeholders around the central question ‘’How can current EU policy initiatives pave the way towards treatment optimisation as part of health systems?’’. The discussions, led by a high-quality panel, concluded that treatment optimisation must be better embraced in our health system if we want to address the current gap in the research and development process for innovative treatments that results in a lack of information relating to the use of novel therapies in real-world settings.